What are the characteristics of beta titanium alloys?

Beta titanium alloys have sufficient beta stabilizers (Mo, V, Cr, Fe) to retain the BCC beta phase at room temperature. Characteristics: Higher strength than alpha-beta (up to 200 ksi UTS), Better formability and cold workability, Can be heat treated to high strength, Higher density than alpha-beta, and Lower modulus (good for springs). Examples: Ti-15V-3Cr-3Al-3Sn (Ti-15-3) - Sheet, forgings, fasteners; Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al (Ti-10-2-3) - Forgings, landing gear; and Ti-3Al-8V-6Cr-4Mo-4Zr (Beta-C) - Springs, fasteners. Processing: Solution treat and age for maximum strength, Cold formable in solution-treated condition. Applications: Landing gear components (replacing steel), Springs (low modulus, high strength), Fasteners for composites, and Structural forgings. Trade-offs: Higher cost than Ti-6Al-4V, Requires careful heat treatment control, and Temperature capability lower than alpha alloys. Beta alloys growing in use where high strength with good formability needed.