How do you perform dynamic structural analysis for landing loads and bird strike?

Dynamic structural analysis for transient events requires: Explicit FEM for high-rate events (bird strike, hard landing) using LS-DYNA, PAM-CRASH; Material models capturing strain-rate effects (Johnson-Cook for metals, rate-dependent failure for composites); Contact algorithms for impact simulation; SPH or ALE methods for bird strike modeling; Time step considerations for explicit stability; Damping treatment appropriate for event duration; and Correlation with drop tests, sled tests, or component impact tests. Analysis outputs include structural deformation, energy absorption, failure sequences, and loads transmitted to backup structure. Results inform design for survivability (landing gear, fuselage lower lobe) and penetration resistance (empennage, engines).