What are the phases of rendezvous and docking operations?

Rendezvous and docking brings two spacecraft together. Phases: Far-range rendezvous - Phasing maneuvers to approach target, Hohmann or other transfers, Ground-controlled targeting; Near-range approach - Relative navigation (radar, GPS, star tracker), Terminal phase initiation, V-bar or R-bar approach trajectory; Proximity operations - Final approach (meters to tens of meters), Station-keeping for inspection or go-ahead, Berthing arm capture or docking port alignment; Docking/berthing - Contact and capture (latches or arm), Soft-dock then hard-dock sequence, Seal verification and hatch opening. Sensors: Rendezvous radar, LIDAR, cameras, laser range finders, and relative GPS. Key parameters: Approach velocity limits, Attitude alignment requirements, Lighting constraints, and Abort capability. Safety: Collision avoidance, Fault tolerance in final approach, and Keep-out zones. Examples: ISS visiting vehicles, satellite servicing.