What EMC design techniques are used in automotive electronics?

Automotive EMC techniques address emissions and immunity per CISPR 25 and ISO 11452. Design approaches include: Proper PCB layout (ground planes, power filtering, controlled impedance), shielding of sensitive circuits, filtered connectors and feedthroughs, spread-spectrum clock modulation reducing EMI peaks, careful power supply design with input/output filtering, ESD protection on external connections, twisted pairs for signal routing, and proper grounding strategy. Validation through pre-compliance testing enables early issue detection before expensive formal certification testing.