How do you design an automotive ECU to meet ISO 26262 functional safety requirements?

ISO 26262 compliant ECU design requires: Safety goal derivation and ASIL decomposition determining hardware/software safety requirements, architecture design with appropriate independence (dual-channel redundancy for high ASIL), hardware metrics calculation (SPFM, LFM, PMHF), selection of safety-qualified components, implementation of safety mechanisms (voting, monitoring, error detection), diagnostic coverage analysis, dependent failure analysis, and safety case documentation. Software follows V-model with safety requirements traced through design, implementation, and test. Safety lifecycle includes confirmation reviews, assessments, and audits. Hardware-software interface (HSI) specification ensures correct interaction.