How are Hall effect sensors used in automotive applications?

Hall effect sensors detect magnetic fields, outputting voltage proportional to field strength. Automotive applications include: Position sensing (throttle, pedal, gear selector using magnets), speed sensing (wheel speed, crankshaft), current sensing (battery, motor current using magnetic field from current), and proximity detection. Advantages include non-contact operation (no wear), immunity to contamination, and ability to work through non-magnetic materials. Hall sensors can provide digital or analog output depending on application requirements.