How does Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) enable deterministic communication in vehicles?

TSN is a set of IEEE 802.1 standards providing deterministic Ethernet communication. Key mechanisms include: Time synchronization (802.1AS) with sub-microsecond accuracy, scheduled traffic (802.1Qbv) with time-aware shaping ensuring bounded latency, frame preemption (802.1Qbu) allowing urgent traffic to interrupt, stream reservation (802.1Qat) guaranteeing bandwidth, and redundancy (802.1CB) for fault tolerance. Automotive applications include replacing FlexRay for chassis control, enabling mixed criticality traffic on single network, and supporting high-bandwidth sensor data alongside control traffic. TSN configuration requires careful schedule planning and network configuration.