Why is battery thermal management important in EVs?

Battery thermal management maintains optimal operating temperature (typically 20-35 degrees C) for safety, performance, and longevity. High temperatures accelerate degradation and risk thermal runaway; low temperatures reduce power capability and charging speed. Thermal systems include liquid cooling circuits, heat pumps, and heating elements. Proper thermal management extends battery life from 5 years to 10+ years and maintains consistent performance across conditions.