What are the unique NVH challenges in EVs and how are they addressed?

EV NVH challenges include: Electric motor whine (high-frequency harmonics of electrical frequency requiring gear design optimization, motor order tuning, and active noise cancellation), absence of engine masking exposing road and wind noise, inverter switching noise, gear whine from single-speed reducer (high speed operation), high-frequency EMI-induced noise in audio systems, and regenerative braking noise/feel. Solutions include structural damping, optimized acoustic treatments, motor/inverter mounting isolation, active sound design adding pleasant artificial sounds, and careful attention to excitation sources often ignored in ICE vehicles.