How is Statistical Process Control (SPC) applied in automotive manufacturing?

SPC uses control charts to monitor process stability and capability. Implementation includes: Identifying critical characteristics (dimensional, functional, appearance), establishing measurement systems with adequate resolution, collecting initial data to calculate control limits, plotting ongoing measurements to detect special cause variation, taking corrective action when out-of-control conditions occur, and calculating capability indices (Cp, Cpk). Automotive typically requires Cpk >= 1.33 or 1.67 for critical characteristics. Chart types include X-bar/R for variables, p-charts for defect rates, and pre-control for setup verification. SPC is a foundational element of quality management systems like IATF 16949.