How do you analyze and optimize combustion using in-cylinder pressure measurement?

In-cylinder pressure analysis uses piezoelectric transducers to measure pressure at high resolution (0.1 crank angle degree). Key metrics include IMEP (Indicated Mean Effective Pressure), combustion phasing (MFB50 - 50% mass fraction burned location, target 8-10 degrees ATDC), burn duration, CoV of IMEP for stability (<5% target), knock intensity, and rate of pressure rise. Optimization involves adjusting spark timing, injection timing, air-fuel ratio, EGR rate, and valve timing to maximize efficiency while avoiding knock and maintaining emissions compliance. Statistical analysis over hundreds of cycles identifies cyclic variation patterns.