How does energy management work in a hybrid vehicle?

Hybrid energy management determines power split between engine and motor based on efficiency optimization. Key strategies include: Running electric-only at low loads where engine efficiency is poor, using engine at its most efficient operating points, capturing regenerative braking energy, maintaining battery state-of-charge within target range, and pre-conditioning battery temperature. The control algorithm uses predictive navigation data for route optimization and considers driver behavior patterns. The goal is minimizing fuel consumption while maintaining drivability.