How do you design an integrated thermal management system for a hybrid powertrain?

Hybrid thermal management requires coordinated cooling of engine, motor, power electronics, battery, and transmission with potentially conflicting temperature requirements. Design considerations include: Separate cooling circuits with different temperature targets (engine 90C, battery 25-35C, motor 65C), waste heat recovery opportunities, cabin heating without engine operation, battery preconditioning for optimal charge/discharge efficiency, thermal coupling strategies for warm-up, and active shutters for aerodynamics. Controls optimize system efficiency based on component temperatures, ambient conditions, and operating mode. Simulation using 1D thermal models predicts temperatures across drive cycles and extreme conditions.