How do you determine the optimal steering ratio for a vehicle?

Steering ratio (steering wheel turns per wheel turn) balances response and effort. Sports cars use quick ratios (12-14:1) for responsive handling, SUVs use slower ratios (16-20:1) for easier parking and less sensitivity. Modern variable-ratio steering (through rack design or active systems) provides quick ratio on-center for highway stability and slower ratio at lock for parking ease. The choice considers wheelbase, tire grip, target market, and power steering assistance level.