What objective metrics are used to quantify vehicle handling performance?

Objective handling metrics include: Understeer gradient (degrees/g lateral acceleration), yaw rate gain (degrees/second per degree steering), response time (yaw rate delay to steering input), peak lateral acceleration capability, roll gradient (degrees roll/g lateral), transition response (step steer metrics), and frequency response (gain and phase up to 1-2 Hz). Testing follows ISO standard procedures like steady-state circular, step steer, and frequency response. Metrics enable benchmarking, target setting, and tracking development progress with repeatable measurements less subjective than driver evaluation.