What are the common tools used for NVH measurement?

Common NVH measurement tools include: Microphones (measure sound pressure levels in cabin and exterior), accelerometers (measure vibration on structure, steering wheel, seats), force hammers (impact testing for modal analysis), laser vibrometers (non-contact vibration measurement), order tracking analyzers (correlate noise/vibration to engine speed), and binaural recording systems (capture sound as human ears hear it). Data acquisition systems process signals, and specialized software performs frequency analysis, transfer functions, and sound quality metrics.