What are the main components of a bioreactor?

A bioreactor consists of: a vessel (typically stainless steel or single-use plastic), agitation system (impellers, motors) for mixing, aeration system (sparger, air supply) for oxygen transfer, temperature control system (jacket, heating/cooling), pH control system (probes, acid/base addition), dissolved oxygen probes and controllers, ports for inoculation, sampling, and additions, exhaust gas system with condenser and filters, and control systems (PLC, SCADA). Additional features may include foam control, baffles for improved mixing, and specialized ports for feeding or harvest. Design varies based on organism and product requirements.