How do you approach techno-economic analysis and optimization of a bioprocess?

Techno-economic analysis evaluates process viability and guides optimization. Cost modeling: capital expenditure (equipment, facilities, utilities), operating costs (raw materials, labor, QC, utilities), and batch economics (cost per gram). Analysis components: material and energy balances, equipment sizing and costing (scaling factors), facility layout and design, sensitivity analysis for key drivers. Optimization targets: titer improvement (biggest single lever), process intensification, yield improvements, continuous processing benefits, single-use vs stainless steel trade-offs, and facility utilization. Advanced analysis: Monte Carlo simulation for uncertainty, real options analysis for investment timing, lifecycle analysis for sustainability. Decision criteria include cost of goods (COGS), return on investment, capacity planning, and strategic considerations. Integration of process and economic models enables informed development decisions.