Compare different CRISPR delivery methods and their applications.

CRISPR components can be delivered as: plasmid DNA (simple but delayed onset, prolonged expression, integration risk), mRNA (faster expression, no integration, less stable), or ribonucleoprotein (RNP - immediate activity, no expression required, lowest off-target risk due to rapid degradation). Delivery vehicles include lipofection (easy for cell lines), electroporation (efficient for primary cells and in vivo), viral vectors (lentivirus for stable expression, AAV for in vivo delivery), and microinjection (for embryos). For therapeutics, RNP delivery via lipid nanoparticles or AAV is preferred to minimize immunogenicity and off-target effects. Choice depends on target cells, efficiency needs, and application.