What are important industrial microorganisms and their products?

Key industrial microorganisms include: Escherichia coli (recombinant proteins like insulin, research host), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ethanol, bread, recombinant proteins, vaccines), Corynebacterium glutamicum (amino acids like lysine, glutamate), Bacillus subtilis (enzymes, antibiotics, expression host), Aspergillus niger (citric acid, enzymes), Streptomyces species (antibiotics like streptomycin), Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (therapeutic antibodies), and Pichia pastoris (recombinant proteins). Selection criteria include: safety status (GRAS), genetic tools availability, growth characteristics, secretion capability, and regulatory acceptance. The organism choice fundamentally impacts process design and economics.