Describe the key enzymes involved in DNA replication and their functions.
Answer
DNA replication requires multiple enzymes working in coordination. Helicase unwinds the double helix at replication forks. Single-strand binding proteins (SSBs) stabilize unwound strands. Primase synthesizes RNA primers. DNA polymerase III is the main replicative enzyme, synthesizing DNA 5' to 3' with proofreading ability. DNA polymerase I removes RNA primers and fills gaps. DNA ligase seals nicks between Okazaki fragments. Topoisomerases relieve supercoiling ahead of the fork. Sliding clamp (PCNA in eukaryotes) increases processivity. This coordinated enzyme system ensures rapid, accurate replication.
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