What is the MVC pattern?

MVC (Model-View-Controller) separates application into three components: Model (data and business logic), View (user interface and presentation), Controller (handles input and updates model/view). Benefits: separation of concerns, parallel development, easier testing, reusability. Widely used in web frameworks: Rails, Django, Spring MVC. Variations: MVP (Presenter replaces Controller), MVVM (ViewModel for data binding). MVC helps organize code and separate UI from business logic.