How are Bode plots constructed and interpreted?

Bode plots display magnitude (in dB) and phase (in degrees) versus frequency (log scale). Construction uses asymptotic approximations: each pole contributes -20 dB/decade slope above its corner frequency and -90 degrees phase, while zeros contribute +20 dB/decade and +90 degrees. Complex poles show resonant peaks. Gain margin is read at phase crossover frequency (-180 degrees); phase margin at gain crossover frequency (0 dB). Design ensures adequate margins (typically GM > 6 dB, PM > 45 degrees).