Explain the operating principle and design considerations of Coriolis flowmeters.

Coriolis flowmeters measure mass flow directly using the Coriolis effect. Vibrating tubes carrying fluid experience twist proportional to mass flow rate. Sensors detect phase shift between inlet and outlet: greater phase shift = higher mass flow. Also measure density (from tube resonant frequency) and temperature. Design considerations: tube geometry (curved vs straight, single vs dual tube), materials for corrosion resistance, drive system for tube vibration, signal processing for phase detection, pressure and temperature limits, and installation (minimal vibration, proper support). Zero stability requires careful calibration. Accuracy of 0.1% achievable.