How does a flyback converter work?

A flyback converter is an isolated DC-DC converter derived from buck-boost topology. When the switch is ON, energy stores in the transformer (acting as coupled inductor) primary. When OFF, energy transfers to secondary through diode. The transformer provides isolation and voltage scaling through turns ratio. Flyback is simple (single switch, simple control) but has high peak currents and transformer stress. Used in low-power applications (5-150W) like phone chargers, TV standby power, and LED drivers.