What is Space Vector Modulation (SVM) and its advantages over SPWM?

SVM treats the three-phase inverter as a single unit with eight possible switching states (six active, two zero vectors). The reference voltage vector is synthesized by time-averaging adjacent active vectors and zero vectors in each PWM period. Advantages over SPWM: higher DC bus utilization (15% more fundamental voltage), lower harmonic distortion, easier digital implementation, and natural extension to multilevel inverters. Switching sequence can be optimized to reduce common-mode voltage or switching losses. Standard for high-performance motor drives.