How is arc flash hazard analysis performed and what protective measures are required?

Arc flash analysis calculates incident energy at working distances based on fault currents and clearing times per IEEE 1584. Process involves: collecting system data, determining bolted fault currents, calculating arcing current (typically 0.5-0.9x bolted), computing incident energy using equipment-specific equations, and determining arc flash boundaries. Results specify required PPE category and safe approach boundaries. Mitigation includes: reducing clearing time (current-limiting fuses, instantaneous relays), arc-resistant switchgear, remote operation, and maintenance mode settings.