What is load flow (power flow) analysis and what information does it provide?

Load flow analysis calculates voltage magnitude and angle at every bus, and real/reactive power flow in every branch for a given load condition. It uses iterative methods (Newton-Raphson, Gauss-Seidel) to solve nonlinear power equations. Results show: overloaded lines, voltage violations, losses, reactive power requirements, and system operating margins. It is essential for system planning, operational analysis, and determining transfer capability. Studies run for normal and contingency conditions.