What are the technologies and challenges for floating offshore wind?

Floating offshore wind enables development in deep water (>60m) where fixed foundations are impractical. Platform types: Spar (deep draft, ballast stabilized - Hywind), Semi-submersible (multi-column, mooring stabilized - WindFloat, PPI), and TLP (tension-leg, taut mooring). Challenges: platform motion affects turbine loads (requires modified controllers), mooring system design for survival conditions, dynamic cables (accommodate platform motion), installation and maintenance logistics, and cost reduction (currently 2-3x fixed offshore). Design must couple hydrodynamic (waves, current) and aerodynamic (wind, turbine) analysis. Potential to access vast deep-water resources.