How does Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) work in solar inverters?

MPPT algorithms continuously adjust the operating voltage to extract maximum power from PV arrays. The I-V curve has one point where P=V*I is maximum. Common algorithms: Perturb & Observe (P&O) - adjusts voltage, measures power change, reverses if power decreases; Incremental Conductance (IC) - compares dI/dV to -I/V, reaching MPP when equal; and Constant Voltage - maintains fixed fraction of Voc (simpler but less accurate). Advanced algorithms handle partial shading using global MPPT with multiple peaks. MPPT efficiency typically exceeds 99%.