What is the function of an inverter in a solar PV system?

A solar inverter converts DC power from PV panels to AC power for use in buildings or grid connection. Functions include: DC to AC conversion at proper frequency (50/60 Hz), Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) to optimize energy harvest, grid synchronization (matching voltage, frequency, phase), safety features (anti-islanding, ground fault protection), and monitoring/communication. Types include string inverters (one inverter per string), microinverters (one per panel), and central inverters (large systems).