What are the advantages of optical fiber communication?

Optical fiber advantages include: Enormous bandwidth (terabits per second capacity), Low attenuation (0.2 dB/km for single-mode fiber, enabling long distances without repeaters), Immunity to electromagnetic interference (no crosstalk, secure from eavesdropping), Small size and light weight, Low cost (silica is abundant), and No ground loops or electrical hazards. Disadvantages include installation complexity, need for precise connectors, and difficulty with tight bends. Fiber dominates long-haul and backbone networks.