What are the key cybersecurity considerations for connected embedded devices?

Connected embedded devices face unique security challenges requiring defense-in-depth approach. Threat model: Remote attacks via network connections. Physical attacks on deployed devices. Supply chain compromise. Side-channel attacks (power analysis, timing). Security measures: Secure boot: Verify firmware integrity before execution. Secure storage: Encrypt sensitive data, use secure elements for keys. Secure communication: TLS/DTLS with certificate validation, mutual authentication. Code security: No hardcoded credentials, input validation, minimal attack surface. Secure updates: Signed firmware, anti-rollback, encrypted transport. Hardware security modules (HSM/TPM) for crypto operations and key storage. Standards and frameworks: IEC 62443 (industrial), PSA Certified (Arm), SESIP (GlobalPlatform). Lifecycle considerations: Secure provisioning, credential rotation, vulnerability disclosure handling, end-of-life key revocation. Testing: Penetration testing, fuzzing, static analysis, dependency vulnerability scanning.