What are the key requirements for ISO 26262 functional safety in automotive embedded systems?

ISO 26262 is the functional safety standard for automotive systems, defining processes and techniques for safety-critical development. Key concepts: ASIL (Automotive Safety Integrity Level): A (lowest) to D (highest), determined by severity, exposure, controllability. Hardware metrics: SPFM (Single-Point Fault Metric), LFM (Latent Fault Metric), PMHF (Probabilistic Metric for Hardware Failures). Required development practices by ASIL: Safety requirements management and traceability. Hazard and risk analysis (HARA). Formal methods for high ASIL (model checking, theorem proving). Code coverage requirements (statement, branch, MC/DC). Hardware/software interface specification. Technical safety concepts: Safe state definition. Fault detection, indication, handling. Watchdog supervision. Memory protection. Plausibility checks. Redundancy for higher ASIL. Documentation: Safety case demonstrating compliance. Tool qualification for development tools.