Compare different ADC conversion techniques: SAR, Flash, and Sigma-Delta.

SAR (Successive Approximation Register): Binary search algorithm, one bit per clock, balanced speed/resolution (12-16 bit, 1MSPS), common in MCUs. Flash (Parallel): 2^n-1 comparators for n-bit, fastest conversion (single cycle), limited to 6-10 bits due to component count, used for video and high-speed sampling. Sigma-Delta: Oversampling with noise shaping, very high resolution (16-24 bits), slow conversion, excellent for audio and precision measurement. Choice depends on: speed requirements, resolution needs, power budget, and cost constraints.