How is timing analysis performed for safety-critical automotive systems?

Automotive timing analysis ensures deterministic behavior for ASIL compliance. Static analysis: WCET (Worst Case Execution Time) analysis using tools like aiT, RapiTime, considering cache effects, pipeline, and memory access. System-level: Response time analysis including ISRs, task preemption, blocking. Standards: AUTOSAR timing extensions, ARINC 653 partitioning. Verification: Tracing (ETM, ITM) to capture actual execution, comparing to analysis bounds. Interference analysis: Multi-core timing effects (shared cache, bus arbitration). Documentation requirements per ISO 26262: justified timing budgets, margins for variation, and evidence of deadline compliance.