What are the different types of memory in microcontrollers?

RAM (Random Access Memory): Volatile, fast read/write for variables and stack. ROM (Read-Only Memory): Non-volatile, factory-programmed, stores permanent code. EPROM/EEPROM: Electrically erasable, for semi-permanent data. Flash: Non-volatile, in-circuit programmable, main program memory in modern MCUs. Registers: Fastest memory, inside CPU for operations. Cache: Fast intermediate memory in processors. Selection depends on data persistence requirements, access speed, and reprogrammability needs.