What is UART and how does it work?

UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) is a hardware protocol for asynchronous serial communication. It transmits data without a shared clock, using agreed baud rate (e.g., 9600, 115200). Each frame includes: start bit (low), 8 data bits (LSB first), optional parity bit, and 1-2 stop bits (high). Both devices must use same settings. UART is simple, requiring only TX, RX, and GND lines. Common uses: PC serial ports, debugging, Bluetooth modules, and GPS receivers. Full-duplex operation possible.