What are the main components of a combination pH electrode?

A combination pH electrode contains: Glass membrane (pH-sensitive, develops potential based on H+ concentration), Internal buffer solution (fixed pH, typically pH 7), Internal electrode (Ag/AgCl wire in buffer), Reference electrode (provides stable reference potential, Ag/AgCl in KCl solution), Reference junction (liquid junction allowing ionic contact with sample), and Body (glass or plastic housing). The electrode generates voltage (approximately 59.16 mV per pH unit at 25 degrees C) proportional to the difference between sample and internal buffer pH.