What maintenance is required for pH electrodes and how do you troubleshoot common problems?

pH electrode maintenance: regular cleaning (remove coatings, deposits - specific cleaners for different fouling), proper storage (electrode stored in KCl solution, never dry), buffer calibration (two-point using pH 4 and 7 or 7 and 10), and reference electrolyte refilling (for refillable electrodes). Troubleshooting: slow response (clean or rejuvenate glass), drifting readings (reference junction clogged), noisy signal (cable issues, ground loops), and calibration slope problems (<54 mV/pH indicates aging electrode). Replace electrodes when slope <85% or response time exceeds specifications.