What are the main components of DCS architecture?

DCS architecture components: Field Instruments - sensors and actuators interfacing with process; I/O Subsystem - converts field signals to digital (AI, AO, DI, DO cards in remote I/O or marshalling cabinets); Controllers - execute control algorithms, redundant pairs for critical applications; Control Network - high-speed deterministic communication between controllers; Operator Stations - HMI for process monitoring, trending, and control; Engineering Station - configuration, programming, and maintenance; Historian - time-series database for data storage and analysis; Asset Management System - device configuration and diagnostics; and Business Network Gateway - secure interface to plant information systems.