What is SCADA and what functions does it perform?

SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) is a system that monitors and controls industrial processes across distributed locations. Key functions: data acquisition from remote equipment (via RTUs, PLCs), data processing and storage, visualization through HMI displays, alarm management and annunciation, trend analysis and historical data logging, remote control capability, and reporting. SCADA is used in utilities (power, water, gas), oil and gas pipelines, and geographically distributed facilities.