How do you handle processes with large dead time in control loops?

Dead time (transport delay) makes control difficult because the controller responds to errors that reflect past, not current, conditions. Compensation strategies: reduce controller gain and increase integral time (detuned PI), use Smith Predictor (model-based compensation predicting future PV), implement model predictive control for complex processes. Design considerations: minimize physical dead time where possible, ensure accurate dead time estimation (often varies with flow rate), and consider feedforward control to reduce disturbance effects before dead time delay.