How do you design a measurement system for dynamic pressure events like surge or water hammer?

Dynamic pressure measurement design: Select sensor with adequate frequency response (piezoelectric or piezoresistive for fast transients, up to 100 kHz), determine Nyquist requirements for sampling rate, minimize sensing line effects (direct mounting or very short, large-diameter lines), use appropriate data acquisition system with sufficient resolution and memory. Consider: flush-mount diaphragm for minimum cavity volume, thermal shock sensitivity, and zero drift for piezoresistric sensors. Analyze data for peak pressure, rise time, and duration. Compare measurements with surge analysis models. Protect permanent process sensors during events with pulsation dampeners while using separate dynamic pressure sensors for event characterization.