How do smart transmitters handle signal conditioning internally?

Smart transmitter internal signal conditioning: sensor interface (excitation, input protection), signal amplification (programmable gain amplifier), A/D conversion (high-resolution sigma-delta typical), digital processing (linearization, temperature compensation, filtering, damping), digital-to-analog output (4-20 mA generation), and communication (HART modem superimposed on 4-20 mA, or Fieldbus). Benefits: factory calibration with sensor characterization, digital adjustment via communicator, diagnostics for sensor and electronics health, and automatic temperature compensation. Configuration stored in EEPROM. These integrated functions replace discrete signal conditioning components.