What is signal conditioning and why is it necessary?

Signal conditioning modifies sensor signals to make them suitable for data acquisition or control systems. Functions include: amplification (increase weak sensor signals), filtering (remove noise), isolation (protect equipment, break ground loops), linearization (correct non-linear sensor response), and conversion (change signal type, e.g., voltage to current). Signal conditioning is necessary because raw sensor outputs are often weak, noisy, or incompatible with control system input requirements. Proper conditioning ensures accurate, reliable measurement.