How does a centrifugal pump work?

A centrifugal pump converts mechanical energy to hydraulic energy using a rotating impeller. Fluid enters the pump through the suction eye at the impeller center. As the impeller rotates (typically 1450-2900 RPM), centrifugal force accelerates the fluid radially outward through the impeller vanes. The fluid gains velocity, and this kinetic energy is converted to pressure energy in the volute casing or diffuser. The curved volute gradually increases in area, causing velocity to decrease and pressure to increase according to Bernoulli's principle.