What are the advantages and limitations of plate heat exchangers compared to shell-and-tube?

Advantages: Higher heat transfer coefficients (3-5x) due to turbulent flow in corrugated channels, Compact design (smaller footprint for same duty), Easy capacity modification by adding/removing plates, Lower fouling tendency due to high turbulence, Complete counterflow possible (high effectiveness), Easy inspection and cleaning. Limitations: Lower pressure capability (typically <25 bar for gasketed type), Temperature limited by gasket material (<180°C typically), Not suitable for highly viscous fluids, Gasket failures can cause leaks or fluid mixing, Higher initial cost per unit area. Brazed and welded plate exchangers extend pressure/temperature limits but lose flexibility.