What are the different tool wear mechanisms in machining?

Tool wear mechanisms include: Abrasive wear (hard particles in workpiece scratch tool surface), Adhesive wear (material transfers and breaks away, forming BUE), Diffusion wear (chemical diffusion at high temperatures in carbide tools), Oxidation wear (chemical reaction at cutting edge), Fatigue wear (repeated stress cycles causing micro-cracks), and Chipping/fracture (mechanical overload). Crater wear occurs on rake face, flank wear on clearance face. Monitoring wear through surface finish, cutting forces, and power consumption helps predict tool life and optimize replacement intervals using Taylor's tool life equation.