What is forging and what are its main advantages?

Forging is a manufacturing process where metal is shaped using localized compressive forces, typically delivered by a hammer or press. Main advantages include superior mechanical properties due to grain flow alignment, elimination of internal voids and porosity, excellent fatigue resistance, and the ability to produce parts stronger than cast or machined equivalents. It is widely used for critical components like crankshafts, connecting rods, and aerospace parts.